Melanoma is a severe type of skin cancer that usually develops in the tissues of the skin cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes are responsible for producing the melanin pigment, which determines the color of the skin. Moreover, melanoma can also form in various other organs, such as the intestine and eyes, but such cases are rare. Medical science is yet to define the exact cause of melanoma. It has been observed that regular exposure to ultraviolet radiations from various sources such as sunlight or tanning lamps can cause melanoma. Studies have also found that women under the age of 40 are at a higher risk of developing the disease; however, limiting the exposure to UV radiation helps in minimizing the risk. Stages of melanoma Based on the symptoms and severity, the stages of melanoma are spread across 0 to 4: Stage 0 : If cancer has affected only the outermost layer of the skin, the condition is known as melanoma in situ. This condition is referred to as stage 0. Stage 1 : If cancer has affected up to 2 mm of the thickness of the skin, the condition is referred to as stage 1. In this stage, the lymph nodes and other parts do not get ulcered.

Parkinson’s disease is a nervous system disorder, and the symptoms of this condition worsen with time. In many cases, the symptoms are barely noticeable in the beginning. It cannot be cured, but an early diagnosis can help doctors prescribe medication that controls the rate at which the disease progresses and regulates the activity of certain regions of the brain. Thus, it is important to be able to recognize the signs associated with this condition. Causes of Parkinson’s disease The exact cause of this condition is unknown as of yet. Some of the factors that may play a role in the progression of this condition include certain genetic mutations and environmental triggers. In this gradually debilitating disease, the neurons in the brain gradually disintegrate and die. Sometimes, the presence of Lewy bodies or specific clumps in the brain cells can also cause this ailment. Some other risk factors are age, heredity, gender, and exposure to toxins. People above the age of 60 are more susceptible to this disease. Having a close relative suffering from Parkinson’s might increase your risk of getting it. Men are more susceptible to Parkinson’s than women. Exposure to pesticides may also increase the risk of getting Parkinson’s disease Early signs and symptoms Parkinson’s disease affects people differently, and the symptoms associated with this disease are often different for all patients.

Hodgkin’s disease is referred to as a type of lymphoma that is a blood cancer, which progresses from the lymphatic system. Hodgkin’s disease is also known as Hodgkin’s lymphoma, HD, or Hodgkin lymphoma. The purpose of the lymphatic system is to aid the immune system in getting rid of waste and fighting various kinds of infections. Hodgkin’s disease originates from the white blood cells (also known as lymphocytes) that protect you against various kinds of infections and germs. In people with Hodgkin’s disease, the lymphocytes grow and expand abnormally and eventually spread outside the lymphatic system. Hence, as this disease progresses it becomes difficult for the body to fight infections. More on Hodgkin’s disease People can suffer from normal Hodgkin’s disease or nodular lymphocytic predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NLPHL). The type depends on the type of cells responsible for the person’s condition and the cell’s behavior. The exact cause of Hodgkin’s disease is unknown. Researchers link it with genetic mutations and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This disease can occur at any age; however, it is more commonly diagnosed in people in the age group of 15 to 40 and people more than 55 years old. One thing to note is that a person might have Hodgkin’s disease and still feel perfectly fine.

Often, ovarian cancer goes undetected until it spreads to areas within the abdomen and pelvis. The sooner it is detected, the better the chances are of it being treated. As the early stages of this disease hardly cause any major and specific symptoms, mistaking it with other common benign conditions is normal. Some of the common symptoms and signs may include: Weight loss Feeling full quickly while eating Abdominal swelling or bloating Feeling the need to urinate frequently Feeling discomfort in the pelvis area Sudden changes in bowel habits, like constipation If you are having any symptom and signs mentioned above or something that is worrying you, it is advisable to consult a doctor. Here is a list of some of the causes and risk factors of ovarian cancer so you can understand the condition better: Causes of ovarian cancer Well, unfortunately, the exact causes of ovarian cancer are still unknown. However, medical experts and doctors have successfully been able to identify some factors, which can increase the risk of ovarian cancer. To know more about it, read on ahead. Risk factors of ovarian cancer Aging:  The risk of getting this disease increases with aging. According to many medical research reports, this cancer is somewhat rare in a woman whose age is below 40.

Vitamins are an essential group of compounds that are required in small quantities in our daily diet for the normal functioning and development of our body. A balanced diet containing vitamins and minerals is crucial because our body cannot synthesize them on its own. Given below are 11 vitamins that are essential for healthy living, along with their sources: Vitamin A Regular intake of vitamin A keeps our eyes healthy. It also takes care of our general health and ensures strong teeth and healthy skin. Sources: Orange-colored foods such as carrots, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe, melons, and so on are great sources of vitamin A. Vitamin B It plays a crucial role in strengthening the immune system and producing energy, along with increasing the iron absorption in the body. Sources: This important group of nutrients is present in unprocessed foods such as whole grains, vegetables, potatoes, bananas, lentils, beans, yeast, and such. Vitamin C This is the vitamin of beauty. Vitamin C acts as a dermatologist of the human body, ensuring glowing and elastic skin, strengthened blood vessels, antioxidant functions, and, also, enhanced iron absorption in our body. Sources: Citrus fruits such as oranges are great sources of vitamin C, along with other fruits like strawberry, kiwi, guava, red and green peppers, and grapefruits.

The cancer of the large intestine is generally referred to as colon cancer. The colon is the end part of the digestive systems. Cancer in this regain like any other cancerous outgrowth begins as noncancerous cells. This is the benign stage of cancer, which causes the formation of adenomatous polyps. This is restricted to a particular site. The polyps may progress by metastasizing causing malignancy. In this article, the causes and risk factors of colon cancer will be discussed in detail. Causes of colon cancer In the case of colon cancer, there may be no particular cause of having the disease. Cancer generally occurs as the gene of the cells gets mutated to cause uncontrolled proliferation. These continue to proliferate forming a mass of cells or tumor. Within the due course of time, the cancerous cells may invade nearby cells and develop into malignancy. Colon cancer can be inherited from one generation to the other. The mutated genes have the potential to move from one to the next generation. The hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome has been identified to cause colon cancer. In this case, the person may develop cancer before 50 years of age. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare disease causing to produce a number of polyps that lines the rectum and the colon.

Anxiety is a feeling of being uneasy, such as constantly having to worry about something or being scared. It may range from being mild to severe. While everybody feels anxious at some or the other time in life, it generally occurs because of some big event such as sitting for an exam, having an interview, applying for a job, getting married, and so on. These occasions call for a high level of anxiousness. However, for people who have anxiety disorders, they are perpetually worried and find it extremely tough to get rid of their worries. They may feel anxious much more constantly, which in turn, may hamper their day-to-day functioning. Here are the five major types of anxiety disorders you should be aware of: Generalized anxiety disorder People who are affected with general anxiety disorder show signs of excessive anxiety or keep getting worried on most of the days over a period of at least six months. They may feel anxious about things associated with their regular routines, such as social interactions, work, or even health. This disorder may cause a lot of problems in their life and may hamper their school life, work life, and even regular social interactions.

There are several natural phenomena around us that go completely unnoticed. After all, we take it for granted, not trying to delve behind the science that hides behind these miracle-like occurrences. You might not be a scientist or a science nerd, however, you should try and take out some time to look into the wonders of science and nature to find a striking relationship between them at a grass root level. This can be very insightful and educational. Here is a list of some of the most common occurrences around us, which have actually been a result of breakthroughs, inspired by science and nature. Archimedes principle The very proverbial “Eureka” moment that makes everyone jump with pride, even made the famous engineer, inventor, physicist, astronomer, and mathematician, Archimedes jump. He was so ecstatic at the results of one of his experiments that he ran down the streets to the king’s place shouting. Through a simple experiment of adding ice cubes to a glass full of water, and by immersing himself in the bathtub, he derived that from the upward force on the object (the buoyant force) the average density of the object could be determined. This principle describes how ships and submarines float on water or even how hot air balloons fly.

The cancer that occurs as a result of the malignant cell growth in the cervix is known as cervical cancer. The cervix is in the lower part of the uterus and it connects the uterus with the vagina. Cervical cancer occurs when cells in the cervix start growing abnormally and end up spreading to other parts of the body. Cervical cancer may metastasize and spread to the vagina, liver, bladder, rectum, and lungs. It has been pointed out that cervical cancer grows very slowly and gradually. Hence, there are better chances of improving one’s condition with early detection, treatment, and even prevention. With advancements in detection and prevention techniques, there has been a decline in cervical cancer cases in the country. It has been found that women in the age groups of 40-50 are more prone to developing cervical cancer than those in their 20s and 30s. Causes and risk factors Cervical cancer is the result of genetic mutations or changes in the healthy cells in your cervix, which makes these cells to turn into abnormal cells. Cancerous cells, unlike healthy cells, continue to divide constantly and do not die. These cells then come together to form a tumor or a mass, which may then spread to your other organs and body parts.

Liver cancer is a condition characterized by the development of cancerous cells in the liver. The liver is one of the largest organs of the body. Its primary purpose is to filter blood. During this process of filtration, the cancerous cells from other parts of the body may end up in the liver by traveling through the bloodstream. In most cases, liver cancer occurs due to the spread of cancerous cells from one part of the body to the liver. This type of cancer is called secondary or metastatic liver cancer. Types of liver cancer Primary liver cancer: In this case, the formation of cancer cells starts in the liver. It is rare as compared to secondary or metastatic liver cancer. Secondary or metastatic liver cancer: It is the most common type of liver cancer which arises in another part of the body and gradually spreads to the liver during the process of filtration of blood. This type of cancer is usually named after the organ from which it had originated. Symptoms of liver cancer Individuals affected by this condition do not notice its symptoms until cancer has reached an advanced stage. The most common symptoms of this condition are: