The cancer that occurs as a result of the malignant cell growth in the cervix is known as cervical cancer. The cervix is in the lower part of the uterus and it connects the uterus with the vagina. Cervical cancer occurs when cells in the cervix start growing abnormally and end up spreading to other parts of the body. Cervical cancer may metastasize and spread to the vagina, liver, bladder, rectum, and lungs.

It has been pointed out that cervical cancer grows very slowly and gradually. Hence, there are better chances of improving one’s condition with early detection, treatment, and even prevention. With advancements in detection and prevention techniques, there has been a decline in cervical cancer cases in the country. It has been found that women in the age groups of 40-50 are more prone to developing cervical cancer than those in their 20s and 30s.

Causes and risk factors
Cervical cancer is the result of genetic mutations or changes in the healthy cells in your cervix, which makes these cells to turn into abnormal cells. Cancerous cells, unlike healthy cells, continue to divide constantly and do not die. These cells then come together to form a tumor or a mass, which may then spread to your other organs and body parts.

The risk of developing cervical cancer is associated with the human papillomavirus infection. This infection has been found to cause abnormalities in the cervix, which could eventually lead to cervical cancer. Having multiple sexual partners and the consumption of oral contraceptives also lead to a higher risk of cervical cancer. Smoking can also make one vulnerable to the risk of developing cervical cancer.

Symptoms
The main symptoms associated with cervical cancer are

• Abnormal bleeding from the vagina, which is not because of menstruation
• Severe pain in the pelvic area, which may be experienced especially during intercourse

Advanced-stage symptoms or cervical cancer are

• Pain in the cervix area
• Failure of the kidneys, which obstructs the bowels or urinary tract

Diagnosis
The diagnosis of cervical cancer will involve screening tests to check for precancerous developments or changes. Your doctor may conduct screening tests such as the Pap and HPV DNA tests. A biopsy of your cervical cells may be conducted to identify the presence of cancerous cells in your cervix. This may involve punch biopsy, electrical wire loop, endocervical curettage or cone biopsy. Imaging tests may be conducted to identify the stage of cervical cancer.

Treatment
The treatment of cervical cancer can involve surgery in the earlier stages. Hysterectomy, or removal of the uterus, may be conducted to cure cervical cancer and prevent future recurrences. Treatment can involve radiation therapy and chemotherapy to kill the cancer cells. This may also involve palliative or supportive care, which is focused on offering relief from pain as well as from other symptoms of cervical cancer.